Microprocessor chips with multiple CPUs are multi-core processors. Most modern CPUs are implemented on integrated circuit (IC) microprocessors, with one or more CPUs on a single IC chip.
Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic–logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations, and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory), decoding and execution (of instructions) by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and other components. The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed over time, but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged. This contrasts with external components such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized processors such as graphics processing units (GPUs).
The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program. Bottom side of an Intel 80486DX2, showing its pinsĪ central processing unit ( CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program.
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